Patients with urinary catheters wash and pray as usual even if the catheter is discharging urine. The should pray immediately after ablution.

In hematuria, wudhu is followed immediately by salat with no delay. Suitable urinary bags should be worn to prevent soling clothes and the place of prayer. Hematuria causing anemia exempts from saum.

Patients with renal failure not in coma pray as much as they can but are exempt from saum in order to control fluids and electrolytes.

In urolithiasis, salat movements are restricted if they trigger pain and salat is delayed while patients are under sedation to control pain. Stress of hajj movements and change in meals in a hot and dry climate may trigger pain. Patients prone to stone formation have to be careful while fasting to make sure they take plenty of fluid and avoid hot environments that lead to excessive fluid loss.

FISTULAE:

Bladder fistulae may join the vagina (vesico-vaginal fistula) or the colon (vesico-intestinal fistula). They usually follow trauma, infection, or irradiation.  Rarely intestinal fistulae may discharge to the outside. Urethral fistulae may open into the vagina (urethro-vaginal), the rectum (urethro-rectal) or the skin (urethro-cutaneous).

For purposes of prayer fistulae are treated like incontinence either of urine or of feces.